基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的建设与应用

介绍了基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的内容和建设历程,概述了国家兽药追溯系统的试点应用和全面应用的情况以及特点和成效,分析了国家兽药追溯系统的制约因素和对策,并对国家兽药追溯系统的数据应用前景予以展望,以期为"互联网+兽药"的实现和兽药行业大数据的应用奠定扎实的基础。     

Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis cases with difficult clinical diagnosis

Monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA into bovine genomes was detected in peripheral blood from two clinical cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) without enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A BLV-specific probe hybridized with 1 to 3 EcoRI and HindIII fragments in these 2 atypical EBL cattle by Southern blotting and hybridization, as well as in 3 typical EBL cattle. The probe also hybridized to a large number of EcoRI and HindIII fragments in 5 cattle with persistent leukosis. These results suggest that the detection of monoclonal integration of BLV provirus into the host genome may serve as a marker of monoclonal proliferation and malignancy in difficult to diagnose EBL cattle.     

历史和现实双重视角下中国基层图书馆属性和功能定位

[目的/意义]基层图书馆从无到有,发展至成为新时代基层文化阵地,其属性和功能定位随着时代发展较历史上更为丰富,准确定位新时代基层图书馆属性和功能,有利于有效发挥基层图书馆的各项文化功能,关系到乡村振兴战略和坚定文化自信的顺利推进。[方法/过程]文章回顾了基层图书馆的发展历史,从历史视角总结分析基层图书馆属性和功能随时代发展变化的特点,结合目前基层图书馆的现实定位,观察和分析中国基层图书馆的属性及其功能定位。[结果/结论]随着时代需求的变化,新时代基层图书馆的属性从动能、使命、思维3个维度进行了拓展,其功能也因融入了文旅融合、文化兴农、新型农民培育、乡村振兴、文化自信等方面的需求而变得更为丰富。     

农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响——基于124个地级市的实证检验北大核心CSCD

农旅融合是推进乡村振兴和深化供给侧结构性改革的重要内容和实施途径,同时也是影响地区耕地利用效率和农业生产方式的主要因素。本文以全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县为例,有效测度了我国农旅融合水平,利用2010—2017年124个地级市面板数据,采用固定效应模型和工具变量法,实证检验农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响。结果表明,我国农旅融合整体水平偏低,目前东部地区发展水平相对较高,但西部地区发展迅速。农旅融合对我国粮食生产效率的影响具有显著异质性。经济较发达地区粮食生产效率相对较高。粮食非主产区农旅融合通过提高农业固定资产投入和促进劳动力"回流"显著提升粮食生产效率,而粮食主产区乡村旅游发展对劳动力和耕地资源的"挤出效应"明显。山区农旅融合对劳动力流动和农村固定资产投资的促进作用比平原地区更加显著。因此,提出加大贫困山区休闲农业开发力度,优化粮食非主产区农业固定资产配置,提高经济较发达地区乡村旅游服务质量等政策建议。     

城乡要素共生背景下的土地入股双层多方利益博弈主体合作机制

在城乡要素共生背景下,为了探寻土地入股多方参与主体的合作机制,从理论层面建立双层多方演化博弈模型,对地方政府、资本下乡企业、农户、集体经济组织4方参与土地入股合作的利益博弈关系进行剖析,得到各方合作的稳定策略,并基于对内蒙古固阳县马铃薯专业合作社的调查,对多方合作演化博弈模型的稳定策略选择进行验证性分析。研究发现,土地增值收益的合理分配、政府的政策奖励、土地入股合作参与主体的心理预期收益,以及对合谋行为的惩罚力度等都对土地入股合作的稳定性产生较大影响。为构建土地入股四方主体的合作机制,提出如下建议:拓展土地入股合作,提高超额收益;提高违约金,降低各方违约的概率;减少额外收益,提高各方合作的稳定性;根据入股比例确定利益分配系数,提高利益分配均衡性;提高政府奖励与农户获取的其他收入,调动各方合作积极性;提高集体经济组织所得酬劳,增强合作积极性;增大对集体经济组织合谋的惩罚,遏制合谋行为的发生。     

基于 VAR 模型的农村三产融合与科技创新关系研究

【目的】随着信息时代的不断发展,科学技术成为农村产业发展的根本推动力,为进一步激活 农村发展活力,推动农村三产融合成为实现乡村振兴的有力支撑。【方法】基于向量自回归（VAR）模型,以 2011—2019 年我国科技及工业相关数据为样本,构建科技产出、科技投入、农村三产融合 3 个一级指标和 9 个 二级指标体系,对我国农村三产融合与科技创新投入关系进行研究。【结果】农村三产融合程度仍有很大的提 升空间和持续改进余地。指标体系中的科技投入力度、科技产出水平和农村三产融合间存在动态相互作用和高 度相关关系;科技创新投入能促进农村三产融合发展,农村三产融合在科技产出当期提高 1% 时提高 0.767%; 农村三产融合发展会促进科技创新进一步投入,农村三产融合综合得分每增加 0.881%,科技产出综合得分就增 加 1%。【结论】基于以上结果,我国应着力推进农业科学技术创新,以攻克技术壁垒,支持鼓励农业科研工作 者研发产品与技术创新,搭建科技创新联盟平台,增加 R&D 科技研发投入,营造科研创新环境,加快我国农业 技术创新步伐,实现传统农业与高技术产业之间的深度融合。     

基于工作流的农业污染模型构建方法与应用

【目的】 农业面源和土壤重金属污染严重威胁了我国农业绿色可持续发展,开发服务于污染监管业务的污染管理决策系统,建立基于工作流的农业污染管理决策模型,有利于为加强土壤污染防治和开展土壤修复工作提供科学的指导和决策。【方法】 文章以工作流技术和污染评价模型组织方法为切入点,将农业污染模型的构建和工作流流程执行分开设计,使得工作流流程设计更加易于理解和分析,同时可以降低了农业污染评价模型和运行环境之间的依赖,使其可以适用于不同粒度和层次的农业面源和重金属污染管理。 【结果/结论】 通过工作流技术建立不同决策场景下农业污染的模型构建、重组、复用和调配的工作流框架,使得农业污染评价模型在计算机环境下自动化运行、控制、管理,最终实现一种灵活的范式组织和使用模型。基于工作流的农业污染模型构建可以保护和合理利用土地资源、规范并简化决策管理过程中的数据分析过程,并且提高数据利用效率。     

巴斯德毕赤酵母多拷贝整合表达组装禽流感病毒样颗粒

【目的】构建多拷贝整合表达禽流感病毒样颗粒的重组巴斯德毕赤酵母,为H5N1亚型禽流感基因工程疫苗提供基础。【方法】以巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115株18S rRNA基因(rDNA)部分序列,插入pPIC9K载体上XbaⅠ和Bsp1407Ⅰ位点间,构建多拷贝整合表达质粒p8K。再以禽流感病毒H5N1毒株基因组RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增HA、M和NA基因,分别插入多拷贝载体p8K,构建表达质粒 p8K-HA/M/NA。表达质粒分别扩增后线性化,按比例混合,电转化GS115感受态细胞。增菌后,经遗传霉素G418抗性平板筛选、PCR鉴定携带HA、M和NA基因序列的多拷贝整合菌株。阳性菌株增菌、诱导表达、高压均质破碎后,Western-blot检测表达产物。【结果】PCR鉴定阳性的重组菌株,其细胞裂解蛋白,免疫印迹试验可检测到与HA、M₁和NA分子量一致的蛋白条带;电子显微镜可观察到大小约为80~120 nm 的病毒样颗粒,免疫鸡能产生抗禽流感病毒中和抗体。【结论】重组毕赤酵母能够多拷贝整合、表达、组装禽流感病毒样颗粒。     

The Schmallenberg virus epidemic in Europe—2011–2013

During the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) epidemic, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) collected data on SBV occurrence across Europe in order to provide an assessment of spread and impact. By May 2013, twenty-nine countries were reporting to EFSA and twenty-two countries had reported cases of SBV. The total number of SBV herds reported was 13,846 and the number of SBV laboratory confirmed herds was 8730. The surveillance activities were based on the detection of SBV clinical cases (either adults or newborns). Malformation in newborns was the most commonly reported clinical sign of SBV-infection. All countries were able to provide the date when the first suspicion of SBV in the herd was reported and nineteen could report the location of the herd at a regional level. This allowed the spread of SBV in Europe to be measured both temporally and spatially. The number of SBV confirmed herds started to increase in December 2011 and two peaks were observed in 2012 (February and May). Confirmed herds continued to be reported in 2012 and into 2013. An increase during winter 2012 and spring 2013 was again observed, but the number of confirmed herds was lower than in the previous year. SBV spread rapidly throughout Europe from the initial area of detection. SBV was detected above the latitude of 60° North, which exceeds the northern expansion observed during the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epidemic in 2006–2009. The impact of SBV was calculated as ratio of the number of herds with at least one malformed SBV positive foetus and the total number of herds in this region. The 75th percentile of the malformations ratio in the various affected countries for the whole reporting period was below 1% and 3% for cattle and sheep herds, respectively. International data collection on emerging diseases represents a challenge as the nature of available data, data quality and the proportion of reported cases may vary widely between affected countries. Surveillance activities on emerging animal diseases are often structured only for case detection making the estimation of infection/diseases prevalence and the investigation of risk factors difficult. The impact of the disease must be determined to allow risk managers to take appropriate decisions. Simple within-herd impact indicators suitable for emerging disease outbreaks should be defined that could be measured as part of routine animal health surveillance programmes and allow for rapid and reliable impact assessment of emerging animal health diseases.